冬瓜制种熊蜂授粉技术规程 Technical Rule For Production of Hybrid Wax gourd Seed By Bumblebee 发 布 湖南省市场监督管理局2021-07发布-02 2021-09实施-0243 DB43/T2083—2021 湖南省地方标准 ICS CCS 67.080.20 B 31 DB43/T 2083—2021 I 目 次 前言 ································ ································ ································ ························ Ⅲ 1 范围 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ································ ································ ································ ······ 1 3 环境条件 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 4 网室设置 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 5 整地作畦 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 6 育苗 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 2 7 定植 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 2 8 整枝 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 2 9 亲本除杂 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 10 熊蜂授粉 ································ ································ ································ ·············· 2 11 定瓜与后熟 ································ ································ ································ ··········· 2 12 采种 ································ ································ ································ ···················· 3 13 储藏种子保存 ································ ································ ································ ········ 3 14 清园 ································ ································ ································ ···················· 3 15 档案管理 ································ ································ ································ ·············· 3 16 附录A（规范性） 冬瓜制种熊蜂授粉繁育档案 ································ ··························· 4 DB43/T 2083—2021 II DB43/T 2083—2021 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》 的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：湖南省蔬菜研究所、湖南农业大学 、宁乡市农业技术推广中心 。 本文件起草人：弭宝彬、梁成亮、武芳芳、陈玲欢、谢玲玲、周火强、戴雄泽、倪向江、肖伟 、刘 文斌、刘曲、许晓玲。 DB43/T 2083—2021 IV DB43/T 2083—2021 1 冬瓜制种熊蜂授粉技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了冬瓜制种雄蜂授粉技术的环境条件、网室设置、整地作畦、育苗、定植、整枝、亲本 除杂、熊蜂授粉、定瓜与后 熟、采种、储藏种子保存、清园和档案管理等操作技 术规范。 本文件适用于湖南省冬瓜制种熊蜂授粉技术。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。 其中， 注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB/T 8321 农药合理使用准则 GB 16715.1 瓜菜作物种子 瓜类 3 环境条件 3.1 气候条件 冬瓜授粉期适宜温度为白天 25℃～30℃，夜间不低于 15 ℃。 3.2 土壤条件 选择地势高燥、耕层深厚、土质肥沃、排灌方便且 2～3 年内没有种植瓜类蔬菜的地块。 3.3 隔离条件 100 m以内不能有同种作物。 4 网室设置 4.1 架设拱架 拱架南北走向，钢架结构，跨度 8 m，顶高2.5 m-3.0 m，肩高1.5 m，长60 m-80 m。 4.2 盖纱网 纱网规格 40-50目，缝制后整体覆盖拱架，四周盖严无缝隙。 5 整地作畦 翻耕土壤，施足基肥，然后作畦，畦宽 70 cm-80 cm，畦高25 cm-30 cm, 沟宽50 cm左右，畦面 DB43/T 2083—2021 2 铺设滴管后覆盖地膜。 6 育苗 6.1 种子处理 种子质量应符合 GB 16715 .1的要求。采用 55-60℃温水浸种，并不停搅拌至降温至室温后继续浸 种12小时左右，用清水搓洗，于 30-32℃左右催芽。 6.2 播种育苗 3月10日左右播父本，父本播后 13～15天或父本出苗后播母本，父母本分期播种到穴盘（ 50或 72孔） ，播种后加盖地膜和拱膜。 6.3 培育壮苗 子叶平整完好、叶色浓绿、根系发达、无病虫害、不徒长。 7 定植 苗龄期为 20-30天，秧苗达到 2叶1心时进行定植，采用“一条龙”架式栽培，中间一垄畦定植父 本，其余定植母本，父本株距为 60 cm，母本株距为 70 cm，制种网室母本定植 450-550株，父本定植 100-130株。 8 整枝 母本只留主蔓生长，父本留 2-3根侧枝。 9 亲本除杂 授粉期间应摘除母本植株上所有的雄花花蕾，父本在授粉前除尽杂株。 10 熊蜂授粉 选择欧洲熊蜂、红光熊蜂等熊蜂品种，放蜂前 20天内禁用对熊蜂敏感的高毒农药；母本雌花开花 前 3-5 天，于傍晚将蜂箱放于植株间距地面 30公分以上，打开出入口，每网室放置熊蜂 1箱，每箱约 60只，授粉期间防止网室外昆虫进入网室。 11 定瓜与后熟 授粉一周后， 进行选瓜定瓜， 大型冬瓜 留1个果形周正的果实， 在