大棚丝瓜秋延后密植栽培技术规程 Technical Regulations of Autumn Delayed Dense Planting for Luffa in Plastic Greenhouse 发 布 湖南省市场监督管理局2021-07发布-02 2021-09实施-0243 DB43/T2117—2021 湖南省地方标准 ICS CCS 67.080.20 B 31 DB43/T 2117—2021 I 目 次 前言 ································ ································ ································ ························ Ⅲ 1 范围 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ································ ································ ································ ······ 1 3 术语和定义 ································ ································ ································ ············ 1 4 产地环境 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 5 栽培设施 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 6 播种育苗 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 7 整地施肥 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 8 田间管理 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 9 病虫害防治 ································ ································ ································ ············ 3 10 适时采收 ································ ································ ································ ·············· 3 11 田间档案 ································ ································ ································ ·············· 3 附录A（资料性） 丝瓜主要病虫害防治 ································ ································ ·········· 4 附录B（资料性） 大棚丝瓜秋延后密植栽培管理档案 ································ ························ 5 DB43/T 2117—2021 II DB43/T 2117—2021 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件 的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：长沙市农业科学研究院。 本文件起草人：王安乐、邓稳桥、周清华、刘义文、颜军、杨鸥、谭远宝、聂莉莎、刘素兰、林佳 福、刘松、向琳娜。 DB43/T 2117—2021 IV DB43/T 2117—2021 1 大棚丝瓜秋延后密植栽培技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了丝瓜秋延后密植栽培的产地环境、栽培设施、播种育苗、整地作畦、田间管理、病虫 害防治和田间档案等技术要求，适用于湖南省地区的丝瓜秋延后高密度栽培。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。 其中， 注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB 16715.1 瓜菜作物种子 瓜类 GB/T 8321 农药合理使用准则 NY 5010 无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 吊蔓 Handing Vine 是瓜果类蔬菜大棚生产的一种搭架方式，即利用尼龙绳代替架材，上端固定在棚架铁丝上，下端固 定于植株上 绕绳即可。 3.2 打顶 Topping 是指掐去丝瓜藤蔓的顶尖，也称打尖，是对预留的主蔓或侧蔓进行处理的工作。 4 产地环境 应符合NY 5010的规定，选择地势较高、排灌方便、土层深厚、结构疏松、肥力较高、 pH值6.5 左右的砂壤土、壤土。 5 栽培设施 选择透光率高、保温性强的塑料大棚、温室等。 6 播种育苗 6.1 品种选择 DB43/T 2117—2021 2 应选择前期耐热后期耐寒性较强、节成性好、商品性佳的丝瓜品种。 6.2 播种时间 7月中、下旬播种。 6.3 种子质量要求 应符合GB 16715.1 瓜菜作物种子瓜类质 量要求。 6.4 种子处理 先将种子用清水在室温下浸泡 4～6 h，然后放入 55 ℃左右的温水中浸泡 10 min以杀菌消毒，接 着把种子捞起，洗净种皮上的胶状物质，稍晾一下即可用清洁湿润的粗棉布包裹，放入 28～33 ℃的恒 温条件下催芽。催芽过程中要每天勤检查，把已发芽的种子挑选出来，进行播种。 6.5 育苗基质 采用蔬菜专用育苗基质。 6.6 播种 宜采用50孔育苗穴盘育苗。播种前将穴盘浇透水，点播，每穴播 1粒，用基质盖平，浇少量盖籽 水后用遮阳网覆盖。 6.7 苗期管理 播种后要保湿， 2～3天幼苗开始拱土即揭开 遮阳网，秧苗在育苗基质中扎根生长，并能从基质和 营养液中吸收水分和养分。壮苗标准：幼苗长至二叶一心，也就是苗龄 20天左右时定植为宜。 7 整地施肥 基肥以有机肥为主，一般每亩施腐熟有机肥 500 kg、枯饼肥 100 kg、三元复合肥 50 kg。将肥料 均匀撒于地面，深翻 30 cm。建议： 8 m的大棚、按包沟 1.5 m整地作畦，畦高 25 cm，畦宽1 m，将畦 面整平略成龟背型，整地后每畦铺设滴灌一条，随即覆盖银黑双面地膜。整地施肥工作应于移栽前 1 周完成。 8 田间管理 8.1 定植 一般在8月上旬定植，选阴 天进行。株距 35 cm，双行定植，每亩 2300株。 8.2 吊蔓 一般采用“一条龙”吊绳引蔓的搭架方式。当瓜蔓长 50 cm左右时，采用蔬菜专用绑蔓夹进行引蔓 吊蔓，一般在晴天下午进行。引蔓的同时将所有的侧蔓及时摘除，以确保主蔓生长粗壮。 8.3 打顶整枝 主蔓上初见幼瓜时（ 14片叶左右） ，留 2个幼瓜，并在幼瓜以上第 3～4片叶打顶，换侧蔓上架。